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我目前正在discord-ext-ipc用作 discord.py 的进程间通信 (IPC) 扩展，并将其与quart-discord. Quart 是 Fl​​ask 的 asyncio 重新实现，可以原生地提供 WebSockets 和其他异步的东西。我可以很容易地将 Web 前端用作仪表板来与公会中的不和谐用户进行交互。做一些有趣的事情，比如在仪表板上使用不和谐角色模型作为权限模型。

最近我偶然发现了 django，并迷上了这个强大的框架。作为一个学习项目，我想将当前的工作项目移植到 django 中，但我偶然发现了一些僵局。

首先是使用discord-ext-ipcand的工作示例quart-discord：

僵尸软件

import logging
import discord
from discord.ext import commands, ipc
intents = discord.Intents.default()

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

TOKEN = DISCORD_TOKEN

class MyBot(commands.Bot):

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args,**kwargs)

        self.ipc = ipc.Server(self,secret_key = IPC_SECRET_KEY)

    async def on_ready(self):
        """Called upon the READY event"""
        print("Bot is ready.")

    async def on_ipc_ready(self):
        """Called upon the IPC Server being ready"""
        print("Ipc server is ready.")

    async def on_ipc_error(self, endpoint, error):
        """Called upon an error being raised within an IPC route"""
        print(endpoint, "raised", error)

my_bot = MyBot(command_prefix = ">", intents = intents, chunk_guilds_at_startup = False)

@my_bot.ipc.route()
async def get_guild_ids(data):
    final = []
    for guild in my_bot.guilds:
        final.append(guild.id)
    return final # returns the guild ids to the client

my_bot.ipc.start()
my_bot.run(TOKEN)

主文件

from discord.ext.commands.core import bot_has_permissions, bot_has_role
from quart import Quart, render_template, request, session, redirect, url_for
from quart_discord import DiscordOAuth2Session
from discord.ext import ipc

app = Quart(__name__)
ipc_client = ipc.Client(secret_key = IPC_SECRET_KEY)

app.config["SECRET_KEY"] = IPC_SECRET_KEY
app.config["DISCORD_CLIENT_ID"] = DISCORD_CLIENT_ID
app.config["DISCORD_CLIENT_SECRET"] = DISCORD_CLIENT_SECRET
app.config["DISCORD_REDIRECT_URI"] = DISCORD_REDIRECT_URI

discord = DiscordOAuth2Session(app)

@app.route("/dashboard")
async def dasboard():
    guild_ids = await ipc_client.request("get_guild_ids")
    return await render_template("list.html", guild_ids = guild_ids)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, port=5001)

列表.html

<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
    {% for guild_id in guild_ids %}
    <p>{{ guild_id }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

伸手去：http://localhost:5001/dashboard 给我这个机器人加入的公会ID列表。据我了解，调用会await ipc_client.request("get_guild_ids")发送一个 websocket 请求IPC Server <，并立即收到答案IPC Server >：

DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:IPC Server < {'endpoint': 'get_guild_ids', 'data': {}, 'headers': {'Authorization': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:IPC Server > [65465464465464, 9879879879879879]

现在研究 Django

上面的bot.py仍在运行。在正常情况下，Django 是同步运行的，你不能想出一个async def函数。所以我们必须使用 import 切换到异步from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync, sync_to_async。我正在使用@login_required装饰器，根据this，我必须将@login_required装饰器包装到@sync_to_asyncand@async_to_sync中，否则会出现此错误：

ERROR: Your view return an HttpResponse object. It returned an unawaited coroutine instead. You may need to add an 'await' into your view

那么现在的问题是什么？这First request就像一个魅力，我得到了我所期待的结果。刷新网页后，我收到Second request. 第三次刷新后，错误又变了一次，见：Third request. 我的猜测是，Django 发出请求并以错误的方式关闭连接，并且在刷新后不会重新打开它。由于 StatReloader 重新启动 Django 服务器后，它再次工作，一次，直到再次重新启动，依此类推。

对于这种特殊情况，我是否必须使用渠道/消费者，还是有其他方法？如果 Channels 是“唯一的”解决方案，我将如何抛出 websocket 请求。我只是在 websocket 连接上失败了，bot.py所以我可以发送命令{'endpoint': 'get_guild_ids', 'data': {}, 'headers': {'Authorisation': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}与之交互。

第一个请求

bot.py 响应

INFO:discord.ext.ipc.server:Initiating Multicast Server.
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:Multicast Server < {'connect': True, 'headers': {'Authorization': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:Multicast Server > {'message': 'Connection success', 'port': 8765, 'code': 200}
INFO:discord.ext.ipc.server:Initiating IPC Server.
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:IPC Server < {'endpoint': 'get_guild_ids', 'data': {}, 'headers': {'Authorization': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:IPC Server > [65465464465464, 9879879879879879]

Django 响应

{"list": [65465464465464, 9879879879879879]}

第二个请求

bot.py 响应

DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:IPC Server < {'endpoint': 'get_guild_ids', 'data': {}, 'headers': {'Authorization': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.server:IPC Server > [65465464465464, 9879879879879879]

姜戈回应：

Django Error: 
TypeError at /ipc/guild_count
the JSON object must be str, bytes or bytearray, not RuntimeError
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/ipc/guild_count
Django Version: 3.2.5
Exception Type: TypeError
Exception Value:    
the JSON object must be str, bytes or bytearray, not RuntimeError
Exception Location: /usr/lib/python3.7/json/__init__.py, line 341, in loads
Python Executable:  /home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/.venv/bin/python
Python Version: 3.7.3
Python Path:    
['/home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/mysite-website',
 '/usr/lib/python37.zip',
 '/usr/lib/python3.7',
 '/usr/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload',
 '/home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages']

第三次请求

bot.py 响应

No IPC request and response traceable

Django 响应

Django Error:
ConnectionResetError at /ipc/guild_count
Cannot write to closing transport
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/ipc/guild_count
Django Version: 3.2.5
Exception Type: ConnectionResetError
Exception Value:    
Cannot write to closing transport
Exception Location: /home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/aiohttp/http_websocket.py, line 598, in _send_frame
Python Executable:  /home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/.venv/bin/python
Python Version: 3.7.3
Python Path:    
['/home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/mysite-website',
 '/usr/lib/python37.zip',
 '/usr/lib/python3.7',
 '/usr/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload',
 '/home/user/python/discord/django/mysite/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages']

视图.py

from django.http import HttpRequest, JsonResponse
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from discord.ext import ipc
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync, sync_to_async

ipc_client = ipc.Client(secret_key = IPC_SECRET_KEY)
@sync_to_async
@login_required(login_url='/oauth2/login')
@async_to_sync
async def get_guild_count(request):
    guild_count = await ipc_client.request('get_guild_ids') 
    print(guild_count)
    return JsonResponse({"list": guild_count})

网址.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('oauth2/login', views.discord_login, name='oauth2_login'),
    path('ipc/guild_count', views.get_guild_count, name='get_guild_count'),
]

更新：

这里还有一些调试。首先，我们看到一个干净的请求，并返回了正确的回复。第一次刷新后，出现 RuntimeError，因为旧任务仍然等待结束（？）。

DEBUG:asyncio:Using selector: EpollSelector
DEBUG:asyncio:Using selector: EpollSelector
INFO:discord.ext.ipc.client:Requesting IPC Server for 'get_guild_ids' with {}
INFO:discord.ext.ipc.client:Initiating WebSocket connection.
INFO:discord.ext.ipc.client:Client connected to ws://localhost:8765
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.client:Client > {'endpoint': 'get_guild_ids', 'data': {}, 'headers': {'Authorization': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.client:Client < WSMessage(type=<WSMsgType.TEXT: 1>, data='[65465464465464, 9879879879879879]', extra='')
<class 'list'> [65465464465464, 9879879879879879]

"GET /ipc/guild_count HTTP/1.1" 200 49
DEBUG:asyncio:Using selector: EpollSelector
DEBUG:asyncio:Using selector: EpollSelector
INFO:discord.ext.ipc.client:Requesting IPC Server for 'get_guild_ids' with {}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.client:Client > {'endpoint': 'get_guild_ids', 'data': {}, 'headers': {'Authorization': 'SUPER-MEGA-SECRET-KEY'}}
DEBUG:discord.ext.ipc.client:Client < WSMessage(type=<WSMsgType.ERROR: 258>, data=RuntimeError('Task <Task pending coro=<AsyncToSync.main_wrap() running at /home/aim/python/discord/django/ballern/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/asgiref/sync.py:292> cb=[_run_until_complete_cb() at /usr/lib/python3.7/asyncio/base_events.py:158]> got Future attached to a different loop'), extra=None)
Internal Server Error: /ipc/guild_count
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
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