3

我正在尝试使用 ggmap 和 Stamen 地图制作我的学习地点的地图。我见过一些类似的问题,但还没有找到将解决方案合并到我的 Stamen 地图代码中的方法。

我对此有两个问题: 1. 如何自定义标记地图上的点?2. 如何在 Stamen 地图中添加比例尺?(无论是表示距离的线还是地图上的 x cm = 现实生活中的 y km)

Tcoords <- read.csv("Tcoords.csv")

我的文件看起来像这样

# trap latitude longitude
1 52.34431 0.5374620
2 52.34281 0.5382080
3 52.34468 0.5406787
4 52.34357 0.5398280
5 52.34431 0.5397050
6 52.34516 0.5406294

作为对建议的回应,我将结果粘贴到dput(head(Tcoords))此处:

 structure(list(trap = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"), latitude = c(52.344312, 
52.342809, 52.3446849, 52.343572, 52.34431, 52.3451601), longitude = c(0.537462, 
0.538208, 0.5406787, 0.539828, 0.539705, 0.5406294)), row.names = c(NA, 
6L), class = "data.frame")

这是我用来绘制我的观点的代码

center = c(lon = 0.5406294, lat = 52.3451601)
qmap(center, zoom = 16, source = "stamen", maptype = "watercolor")+ 
      geom_point(aes(x = longitude, y = latitude), size = 4, shape = 21, 
                 fill = "dark green", data = Tcoords)

但不知何故,陷阱并没有被识别为一个对象。这可能是一些基本的东西,但我不确定我错过了什么(R 的新手)。我在这里将“陷阱”保存为文本对象。

谢谢你的帮助!

4

3 回答 3

2

将标签放到地图上只是在geom_text()函数中重新定义数据源的问题。
为了在地图上打印比例尺,需要遵循这个问题中的解决方案:有没有办法将比例尺(用于线性距离)添加到 ggmap?

#get base map
map.base <- get_map(location = center, zoom = 16, source = "stamen", maptype = "watercolor") # could also use zoom = "auto"
#get extent of base map
bb <- attr(map.base,"bb")

#define the location and length of scale bar
sbar <- data.frame(lon.start = c(bb$ll.lon + 0.1*(bb$ur.lon - bb$ll.lon)),
                   lon.end = c(bb$ll.lon + 0.25*(bb$ur.lon - bb$ll.lon)),
                   lat.start = c(bb$ll.lat + 0.1*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat)),
                   lat.end = c(bb$ll.lat + 0.1*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat)))

#Calculate distance in meters
library(geosphere)
sbar$distance = distGeo(c(sbar$lon.start,sbar$lat.start), c(sbar$lon.end,sbar$lat.end))

map.scale <- ggmap(map.base, extent="device")   +
   geom_point(aes(x = longitude, y = latitude), size = 4, shape = 21, fill = "dark green", data = Tcoords) +
   geom_text(data=Tcoords, aes(label=trap, x = longitude, y = latitude), nudge_x = 0.0001, nudge_y = 0.0001, color="black") +

   geom_segment(data = sbar,  aes(x = lon.start, xend = lon.end, y = lat.start, yend = lat.end)) +
   geom_text(data = sbar,  aes(x = (lon.start + lon.end)/2,
                 y = lat.start + 0.025*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat),
                 label = paste(format(distance,   digits = 4, nsmall = 2), 'm')),
             hjust = 0.5, vjust = 0)  
map.scale

在此处输入图像描述

可能需要调整geom_text()函数中的 nudge_x 和 _y 以正确放置标签。

于 2020-05-30T03:16:50.673 回答
1

我想建议tmap作为ggmap. 这是用于创建地图CRAN 任务视图:空间的许多其他可能的包之一,但我发现生成的比例尺tmap非常好,代码也很简单。

生成最终图的代码需要以下包

# To create the map
library(tmap)
# To create the layer with the points given in Tcoords.csv
library(sf)
# To read the background map
library(tmaptools)
library(OpenStreetMap)

然后,我们读取要映射的六个点的坐标,并将它们变成一个 sf 对象

# Read coordinates
Tcoords = dget("Tcoords.R")

# create an sf object for the six points in the file
coordinates = matrix(c(Tcoords$longitude, Tcoords$latitude), 6, 2)
tcoords_sfc = lapply(1:6, function(k) st_point(coordinates[k, ])) %>%
  st_sfc(crs = 4326)
tcoords_sf = st_sf(trap = Tcoords$trap, geometry = tcoords_sfc)

接下来,我们找到六个点(边界框)的限制,并将它们扩展 2.5 倍。你可以利用这个因素来获得其他比例的地图。

bb_new = bb(tcoords_sf, ext = 2.5)

最后我们阅读背景图

map_osm = read_osm(bb_new, zoom = 15, type = "stamen-watercolor")

并绘制最终地图

带比例尺的地图

使用以下代码

tmap_mode("plot")
tm_shape(map_osm, projection = 4326, unit = "m") +
  tm_rgb() +
  tm_shape(tcoords_sf) + 
  tm_symbols(col = "darkgreen", shape = 21, size = 2) +
  tm_text(text = "trap", col = "white") +
  tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), text.size = 0.6) +
  tm_compass(position = c("left", "top"))

获取动态地图更加简单,因为您无需先阅读底图 ( read_osm) 再绘制地图。

tmap_mode("view")
tm_shape(tcoords_sf, bbox = bb_new, unit = "m") + 
  tm_symbols(col = "darkgreen", shape = 21, size = 3) +
  tm_text(text = "trap", col = "white") +
  tm_basemap("Stamen.Watercolor") +
  tm_scale_bar()

在静态情节中,颜色、文本和刻度中的中断可以个性化。请注意中的参数unit = "m"tm_shape获取以米为单位的比例,否则将以公里为单位。

希望您会发现这个替代方案值得一提。

于 2020-10-22T19:59:58.383 回答
1

我想提供一个适用于ggmap. ggsnOswaldo Santos链接的软件包为使用ggplot或创建的地图添加了比例尺ggmap。它需要对参数进行一些操作才能找到比例尺的正确位置、文本大小和文本位置。

希望你觉得它有用。

# packages required
library(ggmap)
#> Warning: package 'ggmap' was built under R version 4.0.3
#> Loading required package: ggplot2
#> Google's Terms of Service: https://cloud.google.com/maps-platform/terms/.
#> Please cite ggmap if you use it! See citation("ggmap") for details.

# package to draw scale bars in ggmap
library(ggsn)
#> Warning: package 'ggsn' was built under R version 4.0.3
#> Loading required package: grid

# coordinates
tcoords = data.frame(
  trap = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"), 
  latitude = 
    c(52.344312, 52.342809, 52.3446849, 52.343572, 52.34431, 52.3451601),
  longitude = 
    c(0.537462, 0.538208, 0.5406787, 0.539828, 0.539705, 0.5406294),
  stringsAsFactors = F)

# get the stamen watercolor map
center = c(lon = 0.5406294, lat = 52.3451601)
bb_map = c(center["lon"] - 0.01, center["lat"] - 0.005,
  center["lon"] + 0.01, center["lat"] + 0.005)
names(bb_map) = c("left", "bottom", "right", "top")
map_osm2 = get_stamenmap(bb_map, zoom = 15, maptype = "watercolor")
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16432/10771.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16433/10771.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16434/10771.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16432/10772.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16433/10772.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16434/10772.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16432/10773.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16433/10773.jpg
#> Source : http://tile.stamen.com/watercolor/15/16434/10773.jpg

# plot the map, coordinates and scalebar
ggmap(map_osm2) +
  geom_point(data = tcoords, aes(x = longitude, y = latitude),
    size = 4, shape = 21, fill = "darkgreen") +
  scalebar(
    x.min = bb_map[1], x.max = bb_map[3],
    y.min = bb_map[2], y.max = bb_map[4],
    st.bottom = FALSE, dist = 100, dist_unit = "m",
    transform = TRUE, model = "WGS84",
    anchor = c( x = 0.548, y = 52.3410),
    st.size = 3, st.dist = 0.03) 

reprex 包(v0.3.0)于 2020 年 11 月 8 日创建

于 2020-11-08T17:08:50.063 回答