我的问题基本上与THIS ONE（它有一个我不能在这里使用的基于数据库的解决方案）相反。
我使用 SAP，它以这种方式对字符进行排序：
0-9，亚利桑那州，_
但我正在将数据下载到 Excel 并根据正确的 SAP 字符集排序顺序操作范围。
如何强制 Excel 以与 SAP 相同的方式排序，下划线排在最后。
在 Excel 的排序功能中尝试单个字符的自定义排序列表后，Excel 仍然/总是这样排序：
_，0-9，亚利桑那州
有没有办法让 Excel 像 SAP 一样排序？如果需要，我可以做 Excel 宏。
或者，如果有人知道如何在 SAP 界面中让原生 SAP 表像 Excel 一样排序，那也可以解决这个问题。
以下解决方案的原理是插入一个新列，其中单元格具有一个公式，该公式计算要排序的列的每个单元格的“可排序代码”。
如果对这个新列进行排序，行将按 ASCII 顺序 ( 0-9, A-Z, _) 排序。
它应该能够处理任意数量的行。在我的笔记本电脑上，130.000 行的单元格计算需要 1 分钟。有两种 VBA 函数，一种用于 ASCII，一种用于 EBCDIC。定义其他字符集非常容易。
脚步：
B1插入公式=SortableCodeASCII(A1)并执行相同操作对于 B 列的所有单元格（直到 A 列的最后一行）。0-9, A-Z, _)祝你好运！
Option Compare Text 'to make true "a" = "A", "_" < "0", etc.
Option Base 0 'to start arrays at index 0 (LBound(array) = 0)
Dim SortableCharactersASCII() As String
Dim SortableCharactersEBCDIC() As String
Dim SortableCharactersTEST() As String
Sub ResetSortableCode()
'Run this subroutine if you change anything in the code of this module
'to regenerate the arrays SortableCharacters*
Erase SortableCharactersASCII
Erase SortableCharactersEBCDIC
Erase SortableCharactersTEST
Call SortableCodeASCII("")
Call SortableCodeEBCDIC("")
Call SortableCodeTEST("")
End Sub
Function SortableCodeASCII(text As String)
If (Not Not SortableCharactersASCII) = 0 Then
SortableCharactersASCII = getSortableCharacters( _
orderedCharacters:=" !""#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}" & ChrW(126) & ChrW(127))
End If
SortableCodeASCII = getSortableCode(text, SortableCharactersASCII)
End Function
Function SortableCodeEBCDIC(text As String)
If (Not Not SortableCharactersEBCDIC) = 0 Then
SortableCharactersEBCDIC = getSortableCharacters( _
orderedCharacters:=" ¢.<(+|&!$*);-/¦,%_>?`:#@'=""abcdefghi±jklmnopqr~stuvwxyz^[]{ABCDEFGHI}JKLMNOPQR\STUVWXYZ0123456789")
End If
SortableCodeEBCDIC = getSortableCode(text, SortableCharactersEBCDIC)
End Function
Function SortableCodeTEST(text As String)
If (Not Not SortableCharactersTEST) = 0 Then
SortableCharactersTEST = getSortableCharacters( _
orderedCharacters:="ABCDEF 0123456789_")
End If
SortableCodeTEST = getSortableCode(text, SortableCharactersTEST)
End Function
Function getSortableCharacters(orderedCharacters As String) As String()
'Each character X is assigned another character Y so that sort by character Y will
'sort character X in the desired order.
maxAscW = 0
For i = 1 To Len(orderedCharacters)
If AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i, 1)) > maxAscW Then
maxAscW = AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i, 1))
End If
Next
Dim aTemp() As String
ReDim aTemp(maxAscW)
j = 0
For i = 1 To Len(orderedCharacters)
'Was a character with same "sort weight" previously processed ("a" = "A")
For i2 = 1 To i - 1
If AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i, 1)) <> AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i2, 1)) _
And Mid(orderedCharacters, i, 1) = Mid(orderedCharacters, i2, 1) Then
'If two distinct characters are equal when case is ignored (e.g. "a" and "A")
'(this is possible only because directive "Option Compare Text" is defined at top of module)
'then only one should be used (either "a" or "A" but not both), so that the Excel sorting
'does not vary depending on sorting option "Ignore case".
Exit For
End If
Next
If i2 = i Then
'NO
aTemp(AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i, 1))) = Format(j, "000")
j = j + 1
Else
'YES "a" has same weight as "A"
aTemp(AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i, 1))) = aTemp(AscW(Mid(orderedCharacters, i2, 1)))
End If
Next
'Last character is for any character of input text which is not in orderedCharacters
aTemp(maxAscW) = Format(j, "000")
getSortableCharacters = aTemp
End Function
Function getOrderedCharactersCurrentLocale(numOfChars As Integer) As String
'Build a string of characters, ordered according to the LOCALE order.
' (NB: to order by LOCALE, the directive "Option Compare Text" must be at the beginning of the module)
'Before sorting, the placed characters are: ChrW(0), ChrW(1), ..., ChrW(numOfChars-1), ChrW(numOfChars).
'Note that some characters are not used: for those characters which have the same sort weight
' like "a" and "A", only the first one is kept.
'For debug, you may define constdebug=48 so that to use "printable" characters in sOrder:
' ChrW(48) ("0"), ChrW(49) ("1"), ..., ChrW(numOfChars+47), ChrW(numOfChars+48).
sOrder = ""
constdebug = 0 'Use 48 to help debugging (ChrW(48) = "0")
i = 34
Do Until Len(sOrder) = numOfChars
Select Case constdebug + i
Case 0, 7, 14, 15: i = i + 1
End Select
sCharacter = ChrW(constdebug + i)
'Search order of character in current locale
iOrder = 0
For j = 1 To Len(sOrder)
If AscW(sCharacter) <> AscW(Mid(sOrder, j, 1)) And sCharacter = Mid(sOrder, j, 1) Then
'If two distinct characters are equal when case is ignored (e.g. "a" and "A")
'("a" = "A" can be true only because directive "Option Compare Text" is defined at top of module)
'then only one should be used (either "a" or "A" but not both), so that the Excel sorting
'does not vary depending on sorting option "Ignore case".
iOrder = -1
Exit For
ElseIf Mid(sOrder, j, 1) <= sCharacter Then
'Compare characters based on the LOCALE order, that's possible because
'the directive "Option Compare Text" has been defined.
iOrder = j
End If
Next
If iOrder = 0 Then
sOrder = ChrW(constdebug + i) & sOrder
ElseIf iOrder = Len(sOrder) Then
sOrder = sOrder & ChrW(constdebug + i)
ElseIf iOrder >= 1 Then
sOrder = Left(sOrder, iOrder) & ChrW(constdebug + i) & Mid(sOrder, iOrder + 1)
End If
i = i + 1
Loop
'Last character is for any character of input text which is not in orderedCharacters
sOrder = sOrder & ChrW(constdebug + numOfChars)
getOrderedCharactersCurrentLocale = sOrder
End Function
Function getSortableCode(text As String, SortableCharacters() As String) As String
'Used to calculate a sortable text such a way it fits a given order of characters.
'Example: instead of order _, 0-9, Aa-Zz you may want 0-9, Aa-Zz, _
'Will work only if Option Compare Text is defined at the beginning of the module.
getSortableCode = ""
For i = 1 To Len(text)
If AscW(Mid(text, i, 1)) < UBound(SortableCharacters) Then
If SortableCharacters(AscW(Mid(text, i, 1))) <> "" Then
getSortableCode = getSortableCode & SortableCharacters(AscW(Mid(text, i, 1)))
Else
'Character has not an order sequence defined -> last in order
getSortableCode = getSortableCode & SortableCharacters(UBound(SortableCharacters))
End If
Else
'Character has not an order sequence defined -> last in order
getSortableCode = getSortableCode & SortableCharacters(UBound(SortableCharacters))
End If
Next
'For two texts "a1" and "A1" having the same sortable code, appending the original text allows using the sort option "Ignore Case"/"Respecter la casse"
getSortableCode = getSortableCode & " " & text
End Function
编辑：此解决方案基于自定义订单列表的自动计算，但如果有太多不同的值，它就不起作用。在我的例子中，它与一个可能总共有 35.000 个字符的自定义订单列表一起工作，但它在原始海报的大列表中失败了。
以下代码按具有这种顺序的ASCII值对请求的列进行排序：
0-9，阿兹，_，阿兹
我猜小写与大写分开不是问题，因为 SAP 主要以大写形式定义值。如果需要，可以轻松修改代码以获得自定义订单0-9, Aa-Zz, _（通过使用 UCase 和 worksheet.Sort.MatchCase = False）。
此顺序不同于基于区域设置的内置 Excel 排序顺序。例如，在英语中，它将是：
_, 0-9, Aa-Zz
原理是使用“自定义订单列表”，其值取自 Excel 列，使其唯一，并使用QuickSort3算法排序（MedianThreeQuickSort1Ellis Dee 在http://www.vbforums.com/showthread.php 提供的子程序？ 473677-VB6-排序算法-（排序数组排序数组））。
关于通过自定义列表进行 Excel 排序的性能说明（我不是在谈论 QuickSort3）：
Sub SortByAsciiValue()
With ActiveSheet.Sort
.SortFields.Clear
.SetRange Range("A:A").CurrentRegion
.SortFields.Add Key:=Columns("A"), Order:=xlAscending, _
CustomOrder:=DistinctValuesInAsciiOrder(iRange:=Columns("A"), Header:=True)
.Header = xlYes
.Apply
End With
End Sub
Function DistinctValuesInAsciiOrder(iRange As Range, Header As Boolean) As String
Dim oCell As Range
Dim oColl As New Collection
On Error Resume Next
For Each oCell In iRange.Cells
Err.Clear
If Header = True And oCell.Row = iRange.Row Then
ElseIf oCell.Row > iRange.Worksheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count Then
Exit For
Else
dummy = oColl.Item(oCell.Text)
If Err.Number <> 0 Then
oColl.Add oCell.Text, oCell.Text
totalLength = totalLength + Len(oCell.Text) + 1
End If
End If
Next
On Error GoTo 0
If oColl.Count = 0 Then
Exit Function
End If
Dim values() As String
ReDim values(1)
ReDim values(oColl.Count - 1 + LBound(values))
For i = 1 To oColl.Count
values(i - 1 + LBound(values)) = oColl(i)
Next
Call MedianThreeQuickSort1(values)
' String concatenation is complex just for better performance (allocate space once)
DistinctValuesInAsciiOrder = Space(totalLength - 1)
Mid(DistinctValuesInAsciiOrder, 1, Len(values(LBound(values)))) = values(LBound(values))
off = 1 + Len(values(LBound(values)))
For i = LBound(values) + 1 To UBound(values)
Mid(DistinctValuesInAsciiOrder, off, 1 + Len(values(i))) = "," & values(i)
off = off + 1 + Len(values(i))
Next
End Function