是否有类似于 C 宏的功能，可以让您以内联方式重用代码，而无需为那段代码创建单独的范围？
例如：
a=3
def foo():
a=4
foo()
print a
将打印 3，但我希望它打印 4。
我知道涉及类或全局字典等对象的解决方案，但是我正在寻找一个更原始的解决方案（例如函数装饰器），它只会让我在调用者的范围内进行更改。
非常感谢你
编辑：任何需要声明我将使用哪些变量或事先声明像 mutabale 对象这样的“命名空间”的解决方案都不是我正在寻找的解决方案。
我自己尝试过：
def pgame():
a=3
c=5
print locals()
game(a)
print locals()
class inline_func(object):
def __init__(self, f):
self.f = f
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.f(*args, **kwargs)
#to be @inline_func
def game(b, a=4):
exec("inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[1] [0].f_locals)\nctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[3][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))\ninspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals)\nctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[1][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))")
try:
print "your code here"
finally:
exec("inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals)\nctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[3][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))")
@inline_func
def strip_game(b, a=4):
print "your code here"
但是我遇到了一个严重的问题，即如何在不破坏程序可调试性的情况下注入代码strip_game，因为我只想创建一个新的代码对象或使用 exec，两者都遇到了一些严重的问题。
主要编辑：
好的，所以我有一些接近工作解决方案的东西，但是我遇到了一个非常奇怪的问题：
import inspect
import ctypes
import struct
import dis
import types
def cgame():
a=3
c=5
print locals()
strip_game(a)
print locals()
def pgame():
a=3
c=5
print locals()
game(a)
print locals()
class empty_deco(object):
def __init__(self, f):
self.f = f
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.f(*args, **kwargs)
debug_func = None
class inline_func(object):
def __init__(self, f):
self.f = f
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
init_exec_string = "inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals)\n" + \
"ctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[3][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))\n" + \
"inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals)\n" + \
"ctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[1][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))"
fini_exec_string = "inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals)\n" + \
"ctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[3][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))"
co_stacksize = max(6, self.f.func_code.co_stacksize) # make sure we have enough space on the stack for everything
co_consts = self.f.func_code.co_consts +(init_exec_string, fini_exec_string)
init = "d" + struct.pack("H", len(strip_game.f.func_code.co_consts)) #LOAD_CONST init_exec_string
init += "d\x00\x00\x04U" # LOAD_CONST None, DUP_TOP, EXEC_STMT
init += "z" + struct.pack("H", len(self.f.func_code.co_code) + 4) #SETUP_FINALLY
fini = "Wd\x00\x00" # POP_BLOCK, LOAD_CONST None
fini += "d" + struct.pack("H", len(strip_game.f.func_code.co_consts) + 1) #LOAD_CONST fini_exec_string
fini += "d\x00\x00\x04UXd\x00\x00S" # LOAD_CONST None, DUP_TOP, EXEC_STMT, END_FINALLY, LOAD_CONST None, RETURN
co_code = init + self.f.func_code.co_code + fini
co_lnotab = "\x00\x00\x0b" + self.f.func_code.co_lnotab[1:] # every error in init will be attributed to @inline_func, errors in the function will be treated as expected, errors in fini will be attributed to the last line probably.
new_code = types.CodeType(
self.f.func_code.co_argcount,
self.f.func_code.co_nlocals,
co_stacksize,
self.f.func_code.co_flags & ~(1), # optimized functions are problematic for us
co_code,
co_consts,
self.f.func_code.co_names,
self.f.func_code.co_varnames,
self.f.func_code.co_filename,
self.f.func_code.co_name,
self.f.func_code.co_firstlineno,
co_lnotab,
self.f.func_code.co_freevars,
self.f.func_code.co_cellvars,)
self.inline_f = types.FunctionType(new_code, self.f.func_globals, self.f.func_name, self.f.func_defaults, self.f.func_closure)
#dis.dis(self.inline_f)
global debug_func
debug_func = self.inline_f
return self.inline_f(*args, **kwargs)
@empty_deco
def game(b, a=4):
exec("inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals)\nctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[3][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))\ninspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals)\nctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[1][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))")
try:
print "inner locals:"
print locals()
print c
return None
finally:
exec("inspect.stack()[3][0].f_locals.update(inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals)\nctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(inspect.stack()[3][0]),ctypes.c_int(0))")
@inline_func
def strip_game(b, a=4):
print "inner locals:"
print locals()
print c
return None
def stupid():
exec("print 'hello'")
try:
a=1
b=2
c=3
d=4
finally:
exec("print 'goodbye'")
现在这似乎可行，但是，我得到以下信息：
>>>cgame()
{'a': 3, 'c': 5}
{'a': 4, 'c': 5, 'b': 3}
your code here
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#43>", line 1, in <module>
cgame()
File "C:\Python27\somefile.py", line 14, in cgame
strip_game(a)
File "C:\Python27\somefile.py", line 78, in __call__
return self.inline_f(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\somefile.py", line 94, in strip_game
z = c
NameError: global name 'c' is not defined
game现在，当我反汇编函数时，我得到了以下非常奇怪的和之间的编译差异strip_game：
在游戏中：
86 16 LOAD_NAME 0 (locals)
19 CALL_FUNCTION 0
22 PRINT_ITEM
23 PRINT_NEWLINE
87 24 **LOAD_NAME** 1 (c)
27 PRINT_ITEM
28 PRINT_NEWLINE
在脱衣舞游戏中：
95 16 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (locals)
19 CALL_FUNCTION 0
22 PRINT_ITEM
23 PRINT_NEWLINE
96 24 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (c)
27 PRINT_ITEM
28 PRINT_NEWLINE
为什么会出现这种差异？