r - 将 df 从因子转换为数值

Question

我正在努力将我的数据集转换为数值。我拥有的数据集如下所示：

customer_id 2012 2013 2013 2014  2015 2016 2017
15251        X     N     U    D     S    C    L

X1 - X7 被标记为因子。dput(head(df)) 的摘录是：

    structure(list(`2012` = structure(c(2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("N", 
"X"), class = "factor"), `2013` = structure(c(6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 
6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L
), .Label = c("C", "D", "N", "S", "U", "X"), class = "factor"), 
    `2014` = structure(c(8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 
    8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L), .Label = c("C", 
    "D", "L", "N", "R", "S", "U", "X"), class = "factor"), ... 

我想以数值形式获取数据，但我不知道如何相应地转换它们。目标是我可以将 df 输入到热图中，以便我可以直观地探索差异。据我所知，这只能通过数字矩阵实现。因为我收到错误Heatmap.2(input, trace = "none", : `x' must be a numeric matrix

有人有什么想法吗？

非常感谢您的支持！

Answer 1

这是可行的。我认为下次包含完整的 df 会有所帮助。heatmap.2 不起作用，因为您给了它一个字符矩阵。使用 heatmap.2 显示颜色到字母的图例有点复杂，我建议在下面使用 ggplot

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(viridis)

# simulate data
df = data.frame(id=1:5,
replicate(7,sample(LETTERS[1:10],5)))
colnames(df)[-1] = 2012:2018

#convert to long format for plotting and refactor
df <- df %>% pivot_longer(-id) %>%
mutate(value=factor(as.character(value),levels=sort(levels(value))))

#define color scale
# sorted in alphabetical order
present_letters = levels(df$value)
COLS = viridis_pal()(length(present_letters))
names(COLS) = present_letters

#plot
ggplot(data=df,aes(x=name,y=id,fill=value)) + 
geom_tile() + 
scale_fill_manual(values=COLS)