以下程序打印出一副洗牌的纸牌(作为整数):
#include <array>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
#include <iostream>
typedef unsigned int card;
typedef std::array<card, 52> deck;
auto shuffled_deck(){
deck d = {};
std::iota(d.begin(), d.end(), 0);
std::shuffle(d.begin(), d.end(), std::default_random_engine());
return d;
}
int main(){
for(auto& i: shuffled_deck()) std::cout << i << ", ";
}
编译后g++ -std=c++17
的程序运行并打印:
18, 34, 27, 46, 11, 3, 12, 19, 33, 21, 41, 13, 36, 49, 40, 22, 8, 9, 28, 2, 6, 30, 50, 24, 37, 32, 35, 4, 15, 45, 47, 43, 14, 44, 20, 23, 29, 7, 31, 51, 26, 10, 42, 48, 0, 38, 5, 16, 17, 1, 25, 39,
这很好,但直觉告诉我这个牌组可以在编译时创建,所以我制作了这个shuffled_deck
方法constexpr
constexpr auto shuffled_deck(){
deck d = {};
std::iota(d.begin(), d.end(), 0); // Error! Iota isn't constexpr!
std::shuffle(d.begin(), d.end(), std::default_random_engine());
return d;
}
编译时g++ -std=c++17
会给你编译错误,说std::iota
不是constexpr
. 我的问题是为什么?当然std::iota
是在编译时确定的。标准库只是在这个特性上落后了吗?