sql-server - 如何使用 SQL Server 2008 hierarchyid 获取节点的所有祖先？

Question

给定具有hierarchyid类型列的表，如何编写查询以返回作为特定节点的祖先的所有行？

有一个IsDescendantOf()函数，非常适合获取孩子，但没有相应的IsAncestorOf()函数来返回祖先（并且缺少GetAncestors()函数似乎是一个疏忽。）

Answer 1

最常用的方法是递归公用表表达式 (CTE)

WITH Ancestors(Id, [Name], AncestorId) AS
(
      SELECT
            Id, [Name], Id.GetAncestor(1)
      FROM
            dbo.HierarchyTable
      WHERE
            Name = 'Joe Blow'  -- or whatever you need to select that node

      UNION ALL

      SELECT
            ht.Id, ht.[Name], ht.Id.GetAncestor(1)
      FROM
            dbo.HierarchyTable ht
      INNER JOIN 
            Ancestors a ON ht.Id = a.AncestorId
)
SELECT *, Id.ToString() FROM Ancestors

（改编自Simon Ince 博客文章）

Simon Ince 还提出了第二种方法，他基本上只是颠倒了条件——而不是检测那些是目标人的祖先的人条目，他把检查转过来：

DECLARE @person hierarchyid

SELECT @person = Id
FROM dbo.HierachyTable
WHERE [Name] = 'Joe Blow';

SELECT
    Id, Id.ToString() AS [Path], 
    Id.GetLevel() AS [Level],
    Id.GetAncestor(1),
    Name
FROM 
    dbo.HierarchyTable
WHERE 
    @person.IsDescendantOf(Id) = 1

这将从您的表中选择所有行，其中您感兴趣的目标人是层次结构下的任何级别的后代。所以这将找到目标人的直接和非直接祖先一直到根。

Answer 2

这是一个包含在单个选择中的答案：

SELECT t1.Id.ToString() as Path, t1.Name
    FROM (SELECT * FROM HierarchyTable
        WHERE Name = 'Joe Blow') t2,
    HierarchyTable t1
    WHERE t2.Id.IsDescendantOf(t1.Id) = 1

Answer 3

Declare @hid hierarchyid=0x5D10 -- Child hierarchy id

SELECT
*
FROM 
  dbo.TableName
WHERE 
  @hid.IsDescendantOf(ParentHierarchyId) = 1

Answer 4

我编写了一个用户定义的表值函数，它将一个 hierarchyid 值扩展为它的组成祖先。然后可以将输出连接回 hierarchyid 列，以专门获取这些祖先。

alter function dbo.GetAllAncestors(@h hierarchyid, @ReturnSelf bit)
returns table
as return
 select @h.GetAncestor(n.Number) as h
 from dbo.Numbers as n
 where n.Number <= @h.GetLevel()
  or (@ReturnSelf = 1 and n.Number = 0)

 union all

 select @h
 where @ReturnSelf = 1
go

要使用它：

select child.ID, parent.ID
from dbo.yourTable as child
cross apply dbo.GetAllAncestors(child.hid, 1) as a
join dbo.yourTable as parent
   on parent.hid = a.h

Answer 5

完善 Ben Thui 的答案，我认为这是迄今为止最好的答案......

下面的方法允许在一个查询中不仅检索一个，而且可能检索几个叶行及其祖先。

Create Or Alter Function dbo.GetAllAncestors
(
    @Path       HierarchyId,
    @WithSelf   Bit = 1,
    @MinLevel   Int = 0,
    @MaxLevel   Int = Null
)
Returns Table
As
Return

With Ancestor As
(
    Select  @Path As Path
    Union All

    Select  Path.GetAncestor(1)
    From    Ancestor
    Where   Path.GetLevel() > 0
)

Select  Path, Path.GetLevel() As Level
From    Ancestor
Where   (@WithSelf = 1 Or Path <> @Path)
And     Path.GetLevel() >= Case When @MinLevel < 0 Or @MinLevel Is Null Then 0 Else @MinLevel End
And     (@MaxLevel Is Null Or Path.GetLevel() <= @MaxLevel)

要使用：

-- This assumes the table has a Path HierarchyId colum, and the values are unique and indexed.

-- If you know the path
Select *
From MyTable
Where Path In
(
    Select Path From dbo.GetAllAncestors(@ThePath, Default, Default, Default)
)

-- If you don't know the path
Select *
From MyTable t1
Where Path In 
(
    Select Path
    From   MyTable t2
           Cross Apply dbo.GetAllAncestors(t2.Path, Default, Default, Default)
    Where  /* Find the leaf record(s) here.
              Note that if multiple rows match, they will all be returned as well as their parents in a single roundtrip. */
)

Answer 6

DECLARE @hid_Specific HIERARCHYID 
SET @hid_Specific = '/1/1/3/1/';

SELECT hrchy_id,* FROM tblHierarchyData 
WHERE PATINDEX(hrchy_id.ToString() + '%', @hid_Specific.ToString()) = 1