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我正在一台新机器（Windows 10）上设置 Python（CPython 3.4，64 位）。我安装了 numpy &nose，并通过解释器提示运行 numpy.test() 以确保一切按预期工作：

Running unit tests for numpy
NumPy version 1.9.0
NumPy is installed in C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy
Python version 3.4.2 (v3.4.2:ab2c023a9432, Oct  6 2014, 22:16:31) [MSC v.1600 64 bit (AMD64)]
nose version 1.3.4

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 5162 tests in 36.783s

OK (KNOWNFAIL=10, SKIP=20)

到目前为止一切顺利，但是当我在 VS2012 上通过 PTVS 做同样的事情时（我的团队使用 TFS 进行源代码控制），出现错误和测试失败（如下）：

Running unit tests for numpy
NumPy version 1.9.0
NumPy is installed in C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy
Python version 3.4.2 (v3.4.2:ab2c023a9432, Oct  6 2014, 22:16:31) [MSC v.1600 64 bit (AMD64)]
nose version 1.3.4

======================================================================
ERROR: test_basic (test_multiarray.TestResize)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_multiarray.py", line 2850, in test_basic
    x.resize((5, 5))
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way.  Use the resize function

======================================================================
ERROR: test_freeform_shape (test_multiarray.TestResize)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_multiarray.py", line 2880, in test_freeform_shape
    x.resize(3, 2, 1)
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way.  Use the resize function

======================================================================
ERROR: test_int_shape (test_multiarray.TestResize)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_multiarray.py", line 2862, in test_int_shape
    x.resize(3)
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way.  Use the resize function

======================================================================
ERROR: test_obj_obj (test_multiarray.TestResize)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_multiarray.py", line 2892, in test_obj_obj
    a.resize(15,)
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way.  Use the resize function

======================================================================
ERROR: test_zeros_appended (test_multiarray.TestResize)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_multiarray.py", line 2885, in test_zeros_appended
    x.resize(2, 3, 3)
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way.  Use the resize function

======================================================================
ERROR: Ticket #950
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_regression.py", line 1272, in test_blasdot_uninitialized_memory
    x.resize((m, 0))
ValueError: cannot resize an array that references or is referenced
by another array in this way.  Use the resize function

======================================================================
FAIL: test_blasdot.test_dot_3args
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 198, in runTest
    self.test(*self.arg)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_blasdot.py", line 54, in test_dot_3args
    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(r), 2)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\testing\utils.py", line 334, in assert_equal
    raise AssertionError(msg)
AssertionError:
Items are not equal:
 ACTUAL: 3
 DESIRED: 2

======================================================================
FAIL: test_1d (test_indexing.TestMultiIndexingAutomated)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_indexing.py", line 940, in test_1d
    self._check_single_index(a, index)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_indexing.py", line 859, in _check_single_index
    self._compare_index_result(arr, index, mimic_get, no_copy)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_indexing.py", line 875, in _compare_index_result
    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(arr), 3)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\testing\utils.py", line 334, in assert_equal
    raise AssertionError(msg)
AssertionError:
Items are not equal:
 ACTUAL: 4
 DESIRED: 3

======================================================================
FAIL: test_multidim (test_indexing.TestMultiIndexingAutomated)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_indexing.py", line 922, in test_multidim
    self._check_multi_index(self.a, index)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_indexing.py", line 836, in _check_multi_index
    self._compare_index_result(arr, index, mimic_get, no_copy)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_indexing.py", line 875, in _compare_index_result
    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(arr), 3)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\testing\utils.py", line 334, in assert_equal
    raise AssertionError(msg)
AssertionError:
Items are not equal:
 ACTUAL: 4
 DESIRED: 3

======================================================================
FAIL: test_dot_3args (test_multiarray.TestDot)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\tests\test_multiarray.py", line 3285, in test_dot_3args
    assert_equal(sys.getrefcount(r), 2)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\numpy\testing\utils.py", line 334, in assert_equal
    raise AssertionError(msg)
AssertionError:
Items are not equal:
 ACTUAL: 3
 DESIRED: 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 5162 tests in 181.506s

FAILED (KNOWNFAIL=10, SKIP=20, errors=6, failures=4)
Press any key to continue . . .

我通过命令行运行了我在 VS 中编写的脚本，结果与直接通过解释器运行测试相同，所以我确信我的 VS/Python 设置有问题，而不是脚本本身。问题可能是什么？

4

1 回答 1

1

您的设置没有任何问题。只是从某种意义上说，numpy 测试似乎很脆弱，因为它们不能容忍调试器。我不确定那里发生了什么，但似乎涉及sys.getrefcount, 和依赖于它的语义的测试是特定的东西（通常只是对数组的单个引用）是失败的。

您可以在直接运行解释器时通过注册您自己的跟踪函数来重现这一点sys.settrace，例如：

import sys
def trace_func(f, e, a):
    return trace_func
sys.settrace(trace_func)

import numpy
numpy.test()

请注意，您可以从 VS 运行脚本而无需通过 Debug -> Start without Debugging 对其进行调试。这将为您提供与直接运行解释器相同的结果。

于 2014-10-29T18:59:31.033 回答