从理论上讲,您是对的,这就是它应该表现的方式。当您的程序使用超过 5 个字节时,这可能会导致未定义的行为。但出于各种性能原因,堆栈指针通常与某些边界对齐。对齐因架构而异。因此,对于大于 5 的每个输入,您都不会看到此问题。
您的程序的反汇编如下所示。查看sub $0x20,%rsp
指令,它为这个函数在堆栈上分配了 16 个字节的内存。
(gdb) disassemble main
Dump of assembler code for function main(int, char**):
0x00000000004008b0 <+0>: push %rbp
0x00000000004008b1 <+1>: mov %rsp,%rbp
=> 0x00000000004008b4 <+4>: sub $0x20,%rsp
0x00000000004008b8 <+8>: mov %edi,-0x14(%rbp)
0x00000000004008bb <+11>: mov %rsi,-0x20(%rbp)
0x00000000004008bf <+15>: mov %fs:0x28,%rax
0x00000000004008c8 <+24>: mov %rax,-0x8(%rbp)
0x00000000004008cc <+28>: xor %eax,%eax
0x00000000004008ce <+30>: addq $0x8,-0x20(%rbp)
0x00000000004008d3 <+35>: mov -0x20(%rbp),%rax
0x00000000004008d7 <+39>: mov (%rax),%rdx
0x00000000004008da <+42>: lea -0x10(%rbp),%rax
0x00000000004008de <+46>: mov %rdx,%rsi
0x00000000004008e1 <+49>: mov %rax,%rdi
0x00000000004008e4 <+52>: callq 0x400770 <strcpy@plt>
0x00000000004008e9 <+57>: lea -0x10(%rbp),%rax
0x00000000004008ed <+61>: mov %rax,%rdi
0x00000000004008f0 <+64>: callq 0x400710 <puts@plt>
0x00000000004008f5 <+69>: mov $0x0,%eax
0x00000000004008fa <+74>: mov -0x8(%rbp),%rcx
0x00000000004008fe <+78>: xor %fs:0x28,%rcx
0x0000000000400907 <+87>: je 0x400918 <main(int, char**)+104>
0x0000000000400909 <+89>: jmp 0x400913 <main(int, char**)+99>
0x000000000040090b <+91>: mov %rax,%rdi
0x000000000040090e <+94>: callq 0x400790 <_Unwind_Resume@plt>
0x0000000000400913 <+99>: callq 0x400760 <__stack_chk_fail@plt>
0x0000000000400918 <+104>: leaveq
0x0000000000400919 <+105>: retq