python - 如何调用 __add__

Question

class C(object):
  def __init__(self, value):
    self.value = value

  def __add__(self, other):
    if isinstance(other, C):
      return self.value + other.value
    if isinstance(other, Number):
      return self.value + other
    raise Exception("error")


c = C(123)

print c + c

print c + 2

print 2 + c

显然，前两个打印语句将起作用，而第三个由于 int 而失败。add () 无法处理 C 类实例。

246
125
    print 2 + c
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'C'

有没有办法解决这个问题，所以 2+c 会导致 C.add ( ) 被调用？

Answer 1

您还需要添加__radd__以处理相反的情况：

def __radd__(self, other):
    if isinstance(other, C):
        return other.value + self.value
    if isinstance(other, Number):
        return other + self.value
    return NotImplemented

并注意您不应引发异常；NotImplemented而是返回单例。这样，其他对象仍然可以尝试支持__add__或__radd__支持您的对象，并且也将有机会实现加法。

当您尝试添加两种类型a时b，Python首先尝试调用a.__add__(b)；如果该调用返回NotImplemented,b.__radd__(a)则改为尝试。

演示：

>>> from numbers import Number
>>> class C(object):
...     def __init__(self, value):
...         self.value = value
...     def __add__(self, other):
...         print '__add__ called'
...         if isinstance(other, C):
...             return self.value + other.value
...         if isinstance(other, Number):
...             return self.value + other
...         return NotImplemented
...     def __radd__(self, other):
...         print '__radd__ called'
...         if isinstance(other, C):
...             return other.value + self.value
...         if isinstance(other, Number):
...             return other + self.value
...         return NotImplemented
... 
>>> c = C(123)
>>> c + c
__add__ called
246
>>> c + 2
__add__ called
125
>>> 2 .__add__(c)
NotImplemented
>>> 2 + c
__radd__ called
125

Answer 2

你需要__radd__在类上实现。

def __radd__(self, other):
    return self.value + other

这会自动调用，因为 int 类会引发NotImplemented错误