您可以定义一个函数来创建您想要的因子,并将其应用于您想要一次使用的数据框的每一列sapply()。
# some fake data for example
dat <- c("NOT CONDUCTED AT ALL", "RARELY", "OCCASIONALLY", "QUITE FREQUENTLY", "ALWAYS")
df <- data.frame(A=sample(dat, 25, TRUE), B=sample(dat, 25, TRUE), D=rnorm(25))
head(df)
                     A                B           D
1 NOT CONDUCTED AT ALL QUITE FREQUENTLY -0.04049165
2     QUITE FREQUENTLY QUITE FREQUENTLY  0.74361906
3               ALWAYS     OCCASIONALLY -0.93606555
4               ALWAYS           ALWAYS  0.56659322
5               RARELY     OCCASIONALLY  0.97216491
6     QUITE FREQUENTLY     OCCASIONALLY  0.91125383
# define a function to create a new factor variable
newfac <- function(x, oldval, newval, ordered=TRUE) {
    factor(newval[match(x, oldval)], ordered=TRUE)
    }
# apply the function to each specified element of the data frame
df[, c("A", "B")] <- sapply(df[, c("A", "B")], newfac, 
    oldval=c("NOT CONDUCTED AT ALL", "RARELY", "OCCASIONALLY", "QUITE FREQUENTLY", "ALWAYS"), 
    newval=c("L1", "L1", "L2", "L3", "L4")
    )
head(df)
   A  B           D
1 L1 L3 -0.04049165
2 L3 L3  0.74361906
3 L4 L2 -0.93606555
4 L4 L4  0.56659322
5 L1 L2  0.97216491
6 L3 L2  0.91125383