In Ruby I can use
x = gets.split(" ").map{|x| x.to_i}
how to write in Python
x = [int(part) for part in input().split()]
In 2.x, use raw_input() instead of input() - this is because in Python 2.x, input() parses the user's input as Python code, which is dangerous and slow. raw_input() just gives you the string. In 3.x, they changed input() to work that way as it is what you generally want.
This is a simple list comprehension that takes the split components of the input (using str.split(), which splits on whitespace) and makes each component an integer.
In python 3.x
list(map(int, input().split()))
In python 2.x
map(int, raw_input().split())
>>> x = raw_input("Int array")
Int array>? 1 2 3
>>> map(int, x.split())
[1, 2, 3]