37

我正在开发一个安卓应用程序。该应用程序有一个包含大量图像的视图。我有一个错误，我会尽量提供尽可能多的信息，希望有人能给我一些建议。

该应用程序在所有本地测试中运行良好。但是，我收到了很多来自用户的崩溃：java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget

这是堆栈跟踪

0       java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget
1   at  android.graphics.Bitmap.nativeCreate(Native Method)
2   at  android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:507)
3   at  android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:474)
4   at  android.graphics.Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(Bitmap.java:379)
5   at  android.graphics.BitmapFactory.finishDecode(BitmapFactory.java:498)
6   at  android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:473)
7   at  android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(BitmapFactory.java:336)
8   at  android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResource(BitmapFactory.java:359)
9   at  android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResource(BitmapFactory.java:385)

我最大的问题是即使在旧设备上我也无法在本地重现该问题。

我已经实施了很多事情来尝试解决这个问题：

  1. 没有内存泄漏：我确保根本没有内存泄漏。当我不需要视图时，我删除了它们。我还回收了所有位图并确保垃圾收集器正常工作。我在onDestroy()方法中实现了所有必要的步骤
  2. 正确缩放图像大小：在获取图像之前，我得到它的尺寸并计算inSampleSize.
  3. 堆大小：我还在获取图像之前检测最大堆大小并确保有足够的空间。如果不够，我会相应地重新缩放图像。

计算正确 inSampleSize 的代码

public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight)
   {
      // Raw height and width of image
      final int height = options.outHeight;
      final int width = options.outWidth;
      int inSampleSize = 1;

      if(height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth)
      {
         if(width > height)
         {
            inSampleSize = Math.round((float) height / (float) reqHeight);
         }
         else
         {
            inSampleSize = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);
         }
      }
      return inSampleSize;
   }

获取位图的代码

    // decodes image and scales it to reduce memory consumption
   private static Bitmap decodeFile(File file, int newWidth, int newHeight)
   {// target size
      try
      {

         Bitmap bmp = MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(getContext().getContentResolver(), Uri.fromFile(file));
         if(bmp == null)
         {
            // avoid concurrence
            // Decode image size
            BitmapFactory.Options option = new BitmapFactory.Options();

            // option = getBitmapOutput(file);

            option.inDensity = res.getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi < DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_HIGH ? 120 : 240;
            option.inTargetDensity = res.getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi;

            if(newHeight > 0 && newWidth > 0) 
                option.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(option, newWidth, newWidth);

            option.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
            byte[] decodeBuffer = new byte[12 * 1024];
            option.inTempStorage = decodeBuffer;
            option.inPurgeable = true;
            option.inInputShareable = true;
            option.inScaled = true;

            bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(file), null, option);
            if(bmp == null)
            {
               return null;
            }

         }
         else
         {
            int inDensity = res.getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi < DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_HIGH ? 120 : 240;
            int inTargetDensity = res.getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi;
            if(inDensity != inTargetDensity)
            {
               int newBmpWidth = (bmp.getWidth() * inTargetDensity) / inDensity;
               int newBmpHeight = (bmp.getHeight() * inTargetDensity) / inDensity;
               bmp = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bmp, newBmpWidth, newBmpHeight, true);
            }
         }

         return bmp;
      }
      catch(Exception e)
      {
         Log.e("Error calling Application.decodeFile Method params: " + Arrays.toString(new Object[]{file }), e);
      }
      return null;
   }

根据旧设备的堆大小计算图像大小的代码

private void calculateImagesSize()
   {
      // only for android older than HoneyComb that does not support large heap
      if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Constants.HONEYCOMB)
      {
         long maxHeapSize = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();
         long maxImageHeap = maxHeapSize - 10485760;
         if(Application.getResource().getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi >= DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_XHIGH)
         {
            maxImageHeap -= 12 * 1048576;
         }
         if(maxImageHeap < (30 * 1048576))
         {
            int screenHeight = Math.min(Application.getResource().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels, Application.getResource()
               .getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels);
            long maxImageSize = maxImageHeap / 100;
            long maxPixels = maxImageSize / 4;
            long maxHeight = (long) Math.sqrt(maxPixels / 1.5);
            if(maxHeight < screenHeight)
            {
               drawableHeight = (int) maxHeight;
               drawableWidth = (int) (drawableHeight * 1.5);
            }
         }
      }
   }

我认为问题出在堆上，也许有时操作系统不允许应用程序使用 maxheapsize。另外我最大的问题是我无法重现该问题，因此当我尝试修复时，我必须稍等片刻，看看用户是否仍然收到错误。

我还可以尝试避免内存不足问题吗？任何建议将不胜感激。非常感谢

4

6 回答 6

8

只需使用此功能解码...这是您错误的完美解决方案..因为我也遇到同样的错误并且我得到了这个解决方案..

public static Bitmap decodeFile(File f,int WIDTH,int HIGHT){
     try {
         //Decode image size
         BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
         o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
         BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f),null,o);

         //The new size we want to scale to
         final int REQUIRED_WIDTH=WIDTH;
         final int REQUIRED_HIGHT=HIGHT;
         //Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.
         int scale=1;
         while(o.outWidth/scale/2>=REQUIRED_WIDTH && o.outHeight/scale/2>=REQUIRED_HIGHT)
             scale*=2;

         //Decode with inSampleSize
         BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
         o2.inSampleSize=scale;
         return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);
     } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {}
     return null;
 }
于 2013-01-09T12:35:24.997 回答
4

通过减少/缩放图像的大小，您可以摆脱内存不足异常，试试这个

  BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
  options.inSampleSize = 6; 
  Bitmap receipt = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(photo.toString(),options);  //From File You can customise on your needs.
于 2013-01-09T12:41:07.723 回答
4

嗨，你必须解码文件。为此尝试以下方法。

  public static Bitmap new_decode(File f) {

        // decode image size

        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        o.inDither = false; // Disable Dithering mode

        o.inPurgeable = true; // Tell to gc that whether it needs free memory,
                                // the Bitmap can be cleared

        o.inInputShareable = true; // Which kind of reference will be used to
                                    // recover the Bitmap data after being
                                    // clear, when it will be used in the future
        try {
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

        // Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.
        final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 300;
        int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight;
        int scale = 1;
        while (true) {
            if (width_tmp / 1.5 < REQUIRED_SIZE && height_tmp / 1.5 < REQUIRED_SIZE)
                break;
            width_tmp /= 1.5;
            height_tmp /= 1.5;
            scale *= 1.5;
        }

        // decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        // o2.inSampleSize=scale;
        o.inDither = false; // Disable Dithering mode

        o.inPurgeable = true; // Tell to gc that whether it needs free memory,
                                // the Bitmap can be cleared

        o.inInputShareable = true; // Which kind of reference will be used to
                                    // recover the Bitmap data after being
                                    // clear, when it will be used in the future
        // return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);
        try {

//          return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null,
//                  null);
            Bitmap bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, null);
            System.out.println(" IW " + width_tmp);
            System.out.println("IHH " + height_tmp);           
               int iW = width_tmp;
                int iH = height_tmp;

               return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, iW, iH, true);

        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
            // clearCache();

            // System.out.println("bitmap creating success");
            System.gc();
            return null;
            // System.runFinalization();
            // Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
            // System.gc();
            // decodeFile(f);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }

    }
于 2013-01-09T12:47:07.870 回答
0

我在另一个 StackOverFlow 问题中写了一个建议摘要：Android: BitmapFactory.decodeStream() out of memory with a 400KB file with 2MB free heap

于 2013-05-13T18:30:26.900 回答
0

如果你想避免 OOM，你可以捕捉 OOM 并增加 sampleSize 直到图像可以被解析：

private Bitmap getBitmapSafely(Resources res, int id, int sampleSize) {
// res = context.getResources(), id = R.drawable.yourimageid
    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inPurgeable = true;
    options.inSampleSize = sampleSize;
    try {
          bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res,
                      id, options);
    } catch (OutOfMemoryError oom) {
        Log.w("ImageView", "OOM with sampleSize " + sampleSize, oom);
        System.gc();
        bitmap = getBitmapSafely(res, id, sampleSize + 1);
    }

    return bitmap;
}

希望能帮助到你。

不适合捕获错误，只是一种解决方法。

于 2014-09-16T12:10:03.753 回答
0

实际上问题出在开发操作系统上。在与 iOS 不同的 android 中，谷歌人基于相机分辨率开发了这个。位图占用大量内存，特别是对于照片等丰富的图像。不同的相机捕获具有不同像素的图像（不同的手机具有不同的相机像素容量）。在基于该像素的android中，只有捕获的图像才会占用内存。所以很明显，低像素容量的手机不会上传高分辨率图像。在 android 操作系统中，每个应用程序最多分配 16MB。如果上传的图像超过此值，则会发生 java.lang.OutofMemoryError: bitmap size超出 VM budget 并且应用程序崩溃。参考这个 http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/index.html

于 2014-04-10T07:52:24.543 回答